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Development
The requirement for a new attack helicopter was identified in the early 1990s with initial suggestions that 125 would be ordered, however an invitation to bid was not issued until February 1993. Bids made included the Eurocopter Tiger, a version of the AH-1 SuperCobra, the AH-64 Apache, the RAH-66 Comanche, and the Agusta A129 Mangusta.[1] The Apache was selected in July 1995 and a contract for 67 helicopters was signed in 1996.[2][3] The first helicopter, built by Boeing (which merged with McDonnell Douglas in 1997), was delivered in September 1999.[4] The 67th and final Apache was handed over in July 2004.[5] The cost of the helicopter fleet was around £3.1 billion, this high cost and questions of reliability over the Apache's performance in US service led to calls for a cancellation in 1999.[6]
The UK's Strategic Defence Review called for Apaches to undertake amphibious attack missions, operating from the helicopter carrier HMS Ocean, the Invincible class aircraft carriers and their successors, the (Royal Navy CVF programme), and possibly the amphibious assault vessels HMS Bulwark and Albion.[7]
Development
An early production Sikorsky S-76A owned by Canadian Helicopters and used in the air ambulance role.The development of the machine began with Sikorsky in the middle of the 1970s. Target group were companies, which looked for a medium business helicopter, as well as the oil drilling industry. Sikorsky's development experiences from the UH-60 Black Hawk served as the basis for the S-74 (later renamed S-76 Spirit in honor of the U.S. Bicentennial). which was able to transport 2 pilots and 12 passengers, received first two Allison 250 C30 turboshafts with 478 kW each. The prototype completed its first flight on 13 March 1977.
The S-76A was the first production variant. The type achieved 1982 several class records within the range climbing achievement, maximum speed and ceiling. Several airlines operate the S-76A on scheduled services including Helijet Airways of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
After the S-76A, the S-76 Mk II (1982), the S-76B in the year 1987 with a top speed of 155 knots at sea level. Over 500 S-76s had been delivered by early 2001.
Until December 2005 the S-76C+ was in production. It is equipped with Turboméca Arriel 2S1 engines with FADEC and an EFIS suite from Honeywell.[3] The tail rotor could be made quieter by modification. For comfort, increased active noise and vibration dampers are used. The main rotor is manufactured from composite materials.
Since 3 January 2006, the certified S-76 C++ has the Turbomeca Arriel 2S2, an intake air filter, an improved and quieter transmission as well as changes of detail at the interior equipment and electronics. There were 92 orders for this model as of January 2006.
In 2009, the S-76D under development is powered by 1,050 shp Pratt & Whitney Canada PW210S engines driving composite material rotors, and will incorporate active vibration control. A prototype made its first flight on 7 February 2009; type certification is expected in 2010 and deliveries are anticipated later that year. Three prototypes will be used in the certification program. One aircraft will be used to obtain certification of an optional electric rotor ice-protection system. Performance will be substantially improved with the added power, but initial certification will retain the same gross weight (11,700 pounds) and maximum cruise speed (155 knots).[4] The rotor rpm will be self-adjusting in flight, with a higher rpm setting for takeoff and landing, and a lower rpm setting for cruise for improved range.
The Bell 206 is a family of two-bladed, single- or twin-engine helicopters, manufactured by Bell Helicopter at its Mirabel, Quebec plant. Originally developed as the Bell YOH-4 for the United States Army's Light Observation Helicopter program, the 206 failed to be selected. Bell redesigned the airframe and successfully marketed the aircraft commercially as the five-place Bell 206A JetRanger.
The new design was eventually selected by the Army as the OH-58 Kiowa. Bell also developed a seven-place LongRanger, which was later offered with a twin-engine option as the TwinRanger, while Tridair Helicopters offers a similar conversion of the LongRanger called the Gemini ST. The ICAO-assigned model designation B06 is used on flight plans for the JetRanger and LongRanger, and the designation B06T is used for the twin-engine TwinRangers.
The Airbus A330 is a large-capacity, wide-body, twin-engine, medium-to-long-range commercial passenger airliner. Built at Toulouse in France by Airbus, over 700 units have been delivered.
First flown in 1992, the A330 was developed at the same time as the four-engined Airbus A340, and was designed with common fuselage and wing components. The first variant (series 300) was delivered to Air Inter in 1994 and was followed by the slightly shorter series 200.[4] This has been followed by dedicated freighter and tanker variants.
The Boeing 747-8 is a widebody commercial airliner being developed by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Officially announced in 2005, the 747-8 is the fourth-generation Boeing 747 version, with lengthened fuselage, redesigned wings and improved efficiency. The 747-8 is the largest 747 version and the largest commercial aircraft built in the United States, as well as the longest passenger aircraft in the world.
The 747-8 first flew on February 8, 2010. Delivery of the first 747-8 freighter has been postponed multiple times and is now expected in mid-2011; the passenger model will be delivered after that As of June 2010, 109 Boeing 747-8s were on order, 76 of the freighter version, 32 of the passenger version, and one VIP version.
